Reference¶
APIs¶
-
class
cosmic.api.
API
(name, homepage=None)¶ An instance of this class represents a Cosmic API, whether it’s your own API being served or a third-party API being consumed. In the former case, the API object is instantiated by the constructor and is bound to a database ORM and other user-defined functions. In the latter case, it is instantiated by the
API.load()
method and these functions are replaced by automatically generated HTTP calls.One of the primary goals of Cosmic is to make local and remote APIs behave as similarly as possible.
Parameters: - name – The API name is required, and should be unique
- homepage – If you like, the API spec may include a link to your homepage
-
actions
= None¶ In the
cosmic.api.API
object, the actions are stored in anOrderedDict
in a private_actions
property:>>> mathy._actions OrderedDict([(u'add', <cosmic.actions.Action object at 0x9ca18ec>)])
The standard way of accessing them, however, is through a proxy property
actions
. Like so:>>> mathy.actions.add(1, 2) 3
-
models
= None¶ Models are stored in the
_models
property, but accessed through a proxy like so:>>> mathy.models.Number <class '__main__.Number'>
-
run
(port=5000, **kwargs)¶ Simple way to run the API in development. Uses Werkzeug’s
werkzeug.serving.run_simple()
internally. See Serving for more options.
-
static
load
(url, verify=True)¶ Given a URL to a Cosmic API, fetch the API spec and build an API client:
>>> planetarium = API.load("http://localhost:5000/spec.json") >>> planetarium.models.Sphere.get_by_id("0") {"name": "Earth"}
Parameters: url – The API spec url, including /spec.json
Return type: API
instance
-
action
(accepts=None, returns=None)¶ A decorator for creating actions out of functions and registering them with the API.
The accepts parameter is a schema that describes the input of the function, returns is a schema that describes the output of the function. The name of the function becomes the name of the action and the docstring serves as the action’s documentation.
Once registered, an action will become accessible as an attribute of the
actions
object.>>> random = API("random") >>> @random.action(returns=Integer) ... def generate(): ... "Random enough" ... return 9 >>> random.actions.generate() 9
-
model
(model_cls)¶ A decorator for registering a model with an API. The name of the model class is used as the name of the resulting model.
>>> dictionary = API("dictionary") >>> @dictionary.model ... class Word(BaseModel): ... properties = [ ... required("text", String) ... ] ...
Once registered, a model will become accessible as an attribute of the
models
object.
Models¶
-
class
cosmic.models.
BaseModel
¶ Subclasses of this class are fed into the
model()
decorator to attach models to an API.-
properties
= []¶ A list of properties which, along with
links
below, will be used for the model’s representation and patch, defined in the same way Teleport Struct fields are defined:properties = [ required('name', String), optional('age', Integer), ]
See
Representation
andPatch
.
-
methods
= []¶ A list of methods that this model supports. Possible values are ‘get_by_id’, ‘create’, ‘update’, ‘delete’ and ‘get_list’.
-
query_fields
= []¶ A list of properties for the
get_list()
handler. They are defined in the same way asproperties
above.
-
list_metadata
= []¶ A list of properties that can be returned along with the usual response for
get_list()
. These can be used for things like pagination.
-
links
= []¶ Similar to properties, but encodes a relationship between this model and another. In database terms this would be a foreign key. Use
required_link()
andoptional_link()
to specify them.
-
classmethod
validate_patch
(patch)¶ Parameters: patch – The model patch Raises cosmic.exceptions.ValidationError: Run before any
create()
orupdate()
call to validate the patch. All fields are made optional for the patch, so this method is a chance to ensure that the expected values were indeed passed in.
-
classmethod
get_by_id
(id)¶ Parameters: id – Returns: Model representation Raises cosmic.exceptions.NotFound:
-
classmethod
get_list
(**kwargs)¶ Parameters: kwargs – Defined by query_fields
Returns: If model does not define list_metadata
, returns a list of tuples of models ids and representations. Otherwise returns a tuple where the first element is the above list, and the second is a dict as specified bylist_metadata
.
-
classmethod
create
(**validated_patch)¶ Parameters: validated_patch – The model patch. Returns: A tuple of model id and model representation.
-
classmethod
update
(id, **validated_patch)¶ Parameters: - id –
- validated_patch –
Returns: The model representation after patch has been applied.
Raises cosmic.exceptions.NotFound:
-
classmethod
delete
(id)¶ Parameters: id – Raises cosmic.exceptions.NotFound:
-
-
class
cosmic.models.
M
(model_name)¶ Creates a lazy reference to a model, useful for defining links.
@familytree.model class Person(BaseModel): links = [ optional_link('mother', M('familytree.Person')), optional_link('father', M('familytree.Person')), ]
Types¶
-
class
cosmic.types.
Model
¶ Bases:
teleport.BasicWrapper
A Teleport type representing an API model. Its JSON form is a dotted string, the native form is the model object:
>>> Model.to_json(places.models.City) "places.City"
Note that when deserializing this type, the returned value isn’t exactly a model object, but a
M
object, a proxy that behaves identically to the model. The reason for this is that sometimes a reference to the model is needed before the model exists, for example, when defining links.
-
class
cosmic.types.
Link
(param)¶ Bases:
teleport.ParametrizedWrapper
A Teleport type representing a link to an object. Its native form is simply a resource id. It takes a
Model
as parameter:>>> Link(places.models.City).to_json("3") {"href": "/City/3"} >>> Link(places.models.City).from_json({"href": "/City/3"}) "3"
-
class
cosmic.types.
Representation
(param)¶ Bases:
cosmic.types.BaseRepresentation
A Teleport type representing a model representation. Its native form is a dict as defined by
properties
andlinks
. Links are represented by plain string ids.It takes a
Model
as parameter.
-
class
cosmic.types.
Patch
(param)¶ Bases:
cosmic.types.BaseRepresentation
A Teleport type representing a model patch. Its native form is similar to that of
Representation
, except all fields are optional. To make a field required, usevalidate_patch()
.It takes a
Model
as parameter.
-
class
cosmic.types.
URLParams
(param)¶ Bases:
teleport.ParametrizedWrapper
A Teleport type that behaves mostly like the
Struct
type, except it serializes the data into a query string:>>> p = URLParams([ ... required("foo", Boolean), ... required("bar", Integer) ... ]) ... >>> p.to_json({"foo": True, "bar": 3}) 'foo=true&bar=3' >>> p.from_json("foo=false&bar=0") {'foo': False, 'bar': 0}
A string parameter or a parameter whose type is a wrapper over string will not require quotes:
>>> from cosmic.types import DateTime >>> schema = URLParams([ ... required('birthday', DateTime) ... ]) >>> schema.from_json('birthday=1991-08-12T00%3A00%3A00') {'birthday': datetime.datetime(1991, 8, 12, 0, 0)}
HTTP Endpoints¶
-
class
cosmic.http.
ActionEndpoint
(action)¶ Request: Method: POST
URL: /actions/<action>
where action is the action name.Body: The action parameters as a JSON-encoded string or empty if the action expects no parameters. ContentType: application/json
if body is not empty.Response: Code: 200
or204
if body is empty.Body: The return value as a JSON-encoded string or empty if the actions has no return value. ContentType: application/json
if body is not empty.
-
class
cosmic.http.
GetByIdEndpoint
(model_cls)¶ Request: Method: GET
URL: /<model>/<id>
where model is the model name.Response: Code: 200
or404
if object is not found.Body: The object representation as a JSON-encoded string. ContentType: application/json
if body is not empty.
-
class
cosmic.http.
CreateEndpoint
(model_cls)¶ Request: Method: POST
URL: /<model>
where model is the model name.Body: Corresponding model patch as a JSON-encoded string. ContentType: application/json
Response: Code: 201
Body: New model representation as a JSON-encoded string. ContentType: application/json
-
class
cosmic.http.
UpdateEndpoint
(model_cls)¶ Request: Method: PUT
URL: /<model>/<id>
where model is the model name.Body: A corresponding model patch as a JSON-encoded string. ContentType: application/json
Response: Code: 200
or404
if object is not found.Body: New model representation as a JSON-encoded string. ContentType: application/json
-
class
cosmic.http.
DeleteEndpoint
(model_cls)¶ Request: Method: DELETE
URL: /<model>/<id>
where model is the model name.Response: Code: 204
or404
if object is not found.Body: Empty.
-
class
cosmic.http.
GetListEndpoint
(model_cls)¶ Request: Method: GET
URL: /<model>
where model is the model name.Query: Query parameters serialized by the model’s query_schema Response: Code: 200
ContentType: application/json
Body: The syntax follows JSON HAL specification.
{ "_links": { "self": {"href": <self>} }, "_embedded": { <model>: [<repr>*] }, <metadata>* }
In the above, self is the request URL, model is the name of the model that was requested and repr is a JSON-encoded representation of an object matched by the query. Metadata is defined according to
list_metadata
.
Exceptions¶
-
class
cosmic.exceptions.
SpecError
¶
-
class
cosmic.exceptions.
NotFound
¶ Expected to be raised by
get_by_id()
,update()
anddelete()
when the resource is not found. Cosmic will convert it to a 404 response on the server, and on the client, it will interpret this response by reraising the exception.
-
class
cosmic.exceptions.
HTTPError
(code, message)¶
-
class
cosmic.exceptions.
RemoteHTTPError
(code, message)¶
Tools and Helpers¶
-
cosmic.tools.
get_args
(func)¶ Given a function, returns a tuple (required, optional), tuples of non-keyword and keyword arguments respectively. If a function contains splats (* or **), a
SpecError
will be raised.
-
cosmic.tools.
args_to_datum
(*args, **kwargs)¶ Takes arbitrary args and kwargs and packs them into a dict if there are more than one. Returns None if there are no arguments. Must be called with either a single argument or multiple keyword arguments.
-
cosmic.tools.
assert_is_compatible
(schema, required_args, optional_args)¶ Raises a
SpecError
if function argument spec (as returned byget_args()
) is incompatible with the given schema. By incompatible, it is meant that there exists such a piece of data that is valid according to the schema, but that could not be applied to the function byapply_to_func()
.
-
cosmic.tools.
deserialize_json
(schema, datum)¶
-
cosmic.tools.
serialize_json
(schema, datum)¶
-
cosmic.tools.
string_to_json
(s)¶
-
cosmic.tools.
json_to_string
(box)¶
-
cosmic.tools.
validate_underscore_identifier
(id)¶
-
cosmic.tools.
is_string_type
(serializer)¶